Programming Fundamentals | Learn to Write Code

Variables & Data

Give information a name so your program can remember it and change it later.

Use values to calculate answers and compare one value with another.

Talk to the user: ask for information, show results, and leave notes for humans reading the code.

Put instructions in an order the computer can follow from start to finish.

Let a program make a decision by choosing different instructions for different situations.

Repeat instructions without copying the same code over and over.

Give a reusable set of instructions a name, call it when needed, and optionally get a result back.

Describe a kind of thing once, then create individual objects that carry their own data and behavior.

Store many values in one ordered group, reach any value by its position, and visit every item with a loop.

Build a longer message out of smaller pieces of text, and measure how much text you have.

Wrap risky instructions so your program can handle a problem gracefully instead of crashing.

Have an action call itself on a smaller version of the same problem until a base case stops it.

Reuse a blueprint in a more specific one, and hide data so only the blueprint itself can change it.